| PAPER ID | TITLE | AUTHOR | ABSTRACT |
| 3 | Post-Coup Forced Displacement: A Case Study on Access of Education and Challenges Faced by Chin Refugee Children in Mizoram, India | Min Thang (Chiang Mai University) | Chin state is located in northwest of Burma. It is border with Mizoram state of India and Bangladesh. Chin state is war-affected region and continuing forced displacement, extreme food insecurity and constant threats to health and safety since the military seized power in 2021. The clashes between ethnic armed organizations, local militias, and Tatmadaw civilians become internally displaced persons (IDPs) and forced displaced in Mizoram for safety. The junta has torched thousands of civilians houses in Chin state of Burma. There are over 50,000 Chin people displaced to Mizoram, India since 2021. There are thousands of children without access to education for almost four years. This research will conduct as qualitative method with semi-structure interview with Chin refugees in Mizoram, India. The research conduct and analysis data from reports, articles, books, and online sources related to this study. The aim and objective of this research is to explore Chin refugees Children education in Mizoram state of India. What are the opportunities and challenges they have faced in camps of Mizoram. |
| 5 | CHANGES IN ECOTOURISM GOVERNANCE IN CONSERVATION AREAS AND THEIR IMPACT ON COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION LEVEL (CASE STUDY: CURUG NANGKA ECOTOURISM AREA AND HUTAN PINUS KALIMATI IN THE HALIMUN SALAK NATIONAL PARK) | Gayatri Kusumastuti; Mohamad Shohibuddin (IPB University) | Ecotourism development provide benefits to communities and forest ecosystems. Any change in the governance in the ecotourism area, it will certainly have an impact on policy changes, relations between stakeholder and affect people’s lives. This study aims to examine the history of changes in governance and community participation in the Curug Nangka areas. This study uses a mixed-method in stages starting with qualitative research through observations and in-depth interviews. This is followed by quantitative research, involving survey interviews with 32 respondents. This quantitative data processed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results show that there are differences between the governance regimes under Perhutani, the National Park Authority and the private sector in the application of the aspects of legitimacy, voice and direction. Research on the level of community participation as partners shows the differences in participation at the receiving and evaluation stages. The results of the difference test under the private governance regime regarding participation between partners and employees show differences at the stages of receiving benefits and evaluation |
| 6 | Exploring the Identity of Nine Villages in Central Java through Gender and Social Inclusion (GESI) Lens and Approaches | Nisrina Nadhifah Rahman (Yayasan Humanis dan Inovasi Sosial) | Fisherfolk Empowerment for Climate Resilience and Sustainability (FOCUS) project has a desired change to build integrated coastal management for a sustainable food system for the fisherfolk community, including women in Central Java. Until December 2026, FOCUS will strive to achieve stronger participation of coastal populations in Batang, Kendal, Semarang, Demak, and Jepara in decision-making and to promote a more sustainable balance between the use and conservation of marine resources. Yayasan Humanis dan Inovasi Sosial (affiliated with Hivos) leads the consortium, with KIARA, PKSPL-IPB and WALHI. Since July 2023, FOCUS team was orchestrating the baseline study and the creation of village profiles. Our approach centers on employing participatory and inclusive data collection methodologies, ensuring a profound level of engagement from all members of the targeted villages. Data that illustrates the condition of the nine targeted villages must be comprehensive and participative, thoroughly encompassing the socio-gender, economic, and ecological factors. Our intention is to incorporate precise details to ensure the project’s capacity to facilitate decision making grounded in evidence, amplify its influence, and secure sustainability. This process entails the identification and analysis of accessible resources and prevailing limitations, encompassing constraints both in structural and relational dimensions. An integrated Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) analysis remains at the core of the entire process through continuously questioning assumptions about GESI, particularly related to changes in access and control, including specific power dynamics and experiences of inequalities faced by the communities. This ensures that interventions effectively benefit all members of the target communities, addressing inequalities and promoting social inclusion. The project aims to identify and tackle dynamics related to GESI that may influence the system and hinder meaningful participation and opportunities for marginalized and excluded groups |
| 7 | Digital Capital and Community Intervention in Developing the Potential of Local Superior Product for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Jambi | Reza Prayoga, Eko Wahyono (BRIN) | The potential development of local superior products, especially MSME, should be transformed into a digital business. Expanding and reaching the market network needs to be done as an effort to resist MSME actors during the national economic storm due to Covid-19. Adaptation to the digital economy at the marketplace is a curative solution to the problem of the community’s economic downturn. This article aims to review community interventions in empowering MSME business activists by utilizing digital capital, digital marketing of local superior products, as well as models of collective social action for business units through a multi-platform market workshop ecosystem. The method used is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Collecting data through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The results of this study indicate that digital capital is a capacity requirement that needs to be internalized and intervened by business actors to transform into a digital business. In addition, digital capital empowerment is carried out with the CBLP approach, namely the involvement of local communities who have digital skills and competencies in developing local products, such as designing, managing digital resources (multi-market locations and digital promotions) and local products, decision making to profit sharing. Which is based on the principle of equality for MSME actors. |
| 8 | Factors Associated with Environmental, Economic, and Social Benefits of Waste Banks | Princessca Zahra, Mohamad Shohibuddin ( IPB University ) | Waste banks are seen as a solution to the waste problem in Indonesia. This research explains whether customer characteristics, level of management performance and level of community participation are factors that are related to the benefits generated by waste banks. This research was conducted in RW 01, Babakan Village, Bogor City. This research uses mixed methods. The quantitative method uses a questionnaire as a data collection tool from 35 respondents. Quantitative data analysis indicates that the education level has a significant relationship with the planning stage on the community participation level. The correlation test show that the level of management performance has a significant relationship with the level of community participation. Apart from that, the level of community participation has a significant relationship with the benefits of waste banks. |
| 9 | Longwe Women Empowerment Analysis on P2WKSS Program of Kampong Pamoyanan | Ratri Virianita ( IPB University (Institut Pertanian Bogor) | The P2WKSS program is a program of the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection which is implemented with the intention of increasing the role of women in development to create quality family. This study aims to analyze the empowerment of women assisted by the P2WKSS program according to Longwe’s women empowerment analysis framework. This study used a survey method with questionnaires and interview guides as data collection tools. Respondents consisted of 50 women assisted by the P2WKSS program who were selected by cluster random sampling in Kampong Pamoyanan, Sukamekar Village, Sukabumi Regency, West Java. Data collected were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of frequency tables, interview quotes and narratives. The results showed that most respondents were less empowered. However, most respondents were highly participative in the program and had control in their family. The need for the implementation of the P2WKSS program is not only intended to increase the role of women in realizing quality families but also to increase women’s empowerment in achieving quality families. |
| 10 | Digital diversity in Preserving and promoting traditional cirebon arts for the enhanchement of tourism and the economy of the Cirebon City | Nanang Sutisna (Pakuan University) | This research delves into the intersection of digital diversity and cultural preservation in Cirebon City, aiming to bolster tourism and economic development. Cirebon, renowned for its rich artistic heritage, faces the challenge of preserving its traditional arts while adapting to the digital age. To address this, we formulate two key research questions: (1) How can digital technologies be harnessed to preserve and promote traditional Cirebon arts? (2) What impact can these initiatives have on tourism and the local economy? Our methodology involves a comprehensive analysis of the existing traditional art forms in Cirebon and an exploration of digital tools and platforms suitable for their preservation and promotion. We also engage in qualitative interviews and surveys with local artists, residents, and tourists to gauge their perspectives on the potential impact of digital interventions. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of leveraging digital diversity to document, showcase, and disseminate traditional Cirebon arts. Several initiatives, such as virtual exhibitions, online tutorials, and immersive experiences, have shown promise in reaching a wider audience and generating interest among tourists. Additionally, early data suggests that these efforts contribute to an increase in tourism and related economic activities in Cirebon City. In conclusion, our research underscores the potential of digital technologies in preserving and promoting traditional Cirebon arts, which, in turn, can enhance tourism and boost the local economy. The integration of digital diversity in cultural preservation not only safeguards the heritage but also positions Cirebon as a unique cultural destination in the digital era. Further research and investment in these initiatives are essential to ensure their sustainability and long-term impact on Cirebon’s cultural and economic landscape. |
| 11 | Implementation of Gender Equality and Social Inclusion at Universities | Anna Fatchiya, Dyah Retna Puspita(IPB University) | Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (KKGIS) or Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) is important as mainstreaming in policy and management in higher education. The aim of this research is to analyze the extent to which KKGIS has been implemented in higher education. The research was conducted at three higher education loci in Western Indonesia, namely at IPB University, Andalas University Padang, and Satya Wacana University Salatiga. Data collection was carried out using Focus Group Discussion (FGD) in two groups. The first group is the group of lecturers who teach the course and the second group is lecturers who have researched this issue. In-depth interviews were also conducted with the leaders of each university, namely the chancellor or his/her deputy, the dean of social affairs and science, the head of LPPM, and the head of gender studies/studies. Secondary data was also collected to strengthen the analysis. The research results show that there is still a gender gap in the three higher education which can be seen from the dominance of men in high positions, both structurally and functionally. The selection and placement process in higher education is gender neutral, that is, it does not consider the problems, potential and needs of men and women. As for the provision of facilities and infrastructure, it is not yet fully gender responsive and friendly to disabled people. In the teaching aspect, holding lectures and courses with content about gender, family, children and disabilities is more accessible to students from social humanities (social science) study programs than students from science and technology/exact one. |
| 12 | Use of Social Media in Agricultural Insurance activities in the tidal swamp area in Barito Kuala Regency | Muhammad Alif ( Universitas Lambung Mangkurat ) Sumardjo Sumardjo ( IPB university ) Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo ( IPB University ) Anna Fatchiya ( IPB University ) Hartoni Hartoni ( Universitas Lambung Mangkurat) | The development of communication technology impacts farmers, which will require them to have access to information about agricultural insurance. This research aims to describe the use of social media for farmers and analyze the level of social media use. This research was conducted using the observation method by selecting sample respondents using the Slovin formula. The level of social media use by respondents was measured based on the frequency and duration of social media: Facebook, YouTube, Instagram and WhatsApp. The frequency of use of social media is high, namely WhatsApp, while the time of use of Facebook, YouTube and Instagram is in the low category. The highest use of social media is to seek and obtain new information and testimonials from other people about agricultural insurance. |
| 13 | The role of Public Relations as a Serve Public’s Interest in building a company’s image__An analytical study of the use of Instagram in improving a company’s image | Tita Milyane, Zelva Salsabila ( Telkom University) | Image is an essential thing, which needs to be built and developed by a public relations (PR) person. In building an image, a PR person must have an extensive network and the ability to manage the image and communicate it. As a function of serving the public interest well, a public relations person must support the main activities of management to achieve company goals. This research examines the role of De.U Coffee’s PR as serving Publics Interest in building company image through the digital media Instagram. De.U Coffee is a café where people spend time enjoying coffee, located in the city of Bandung, De.U Coffee is a café that has quite a high number of customers even during the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to determine the process and role of digital PR in building company image through the function of serving the public’s interest. The theory used is image theory. The methodology used is a qualitative methodology with data collection techniques through interviews and literature study. The research results show that in carrying out its function as a public ‘servant’, De U Coffe’s public relations uses social media influencers on Instagram, making efforts to continue to maintain and build relationships with digital actors, so that with this digital public relations approach it can build long-term relationships because it is closer to the public. The conclusion of this research is that using influencers who have a very good engagement rate and PR skills in communicating greatly influences the results of the company’s image management. |
| 14 | Exploring Sustainability Constraints: A Case Study of the UltraPed Program in Betara Kanan Village, West Tanjung Jabung District | Yovian Reynard Stanley, Hana Indriana ( IPB University ) | Betara Kanan Village is one of the villages situated in West Tanjung Jabung District. One of the community development programs implemented in the village is known as UltraPed. This program is dedicated to empowering the women of the village to process pedada fruit into various economically valuable products such as powdered beverages, bottled drinks, syrups, candies, jams, and chips. Despite efforts to ensure program sustainability, the UltraPed program ceased to operate. This research aims to analyze the constraints that contributed to the discontinuation of the UltraPed program. The study was conducted in Betara Kanan Village, Kuala Betara Subdistrict, West Tanjung Jabung District, Jambi, using observation and interview methods. The research findings highlight several constraints that led to the discontinuation of the UltraPed program, including the insufficient strength of newly formed business groups, inadequate government support, limited engagement of stakeholders such as NGOs, the private sector, and academia, as well as a lack of clear market certainty. |
| 15 | Digital Literacy in Rural Areas in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities | Maulana Akbar, Gustaff Wijaya ( BRIN ) | This study utilises a dataset including 10,000 samples obtained using a multistage random sampling technique conducted across various regions in Indonesia. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the current state of digital literacy in Indonesia. This article aims to provide a descriptive analysis of the key attributes of digital literacy in rural regions of Indonesia, focusing on four primary pillars: digital skills, digital safety, digital ethics, and digital culture. This study observes that the disparity between rural and urban areas is not substantial; rather, it is the relatively low level of digital skills that accounts for this discrepancy. The primary obstacle pertains to the digital infrastructure and the integration of digital technologies into everyday routines. |
| 16 | Collaborative Governance in Addressing Stunting in the Bajau Community in Buton Regency | Agung Siradj (Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri) | Stunting poses a challenge in the field of health on the path to Indonesia Emas 2045. In pursuit of the SDGs, this research aims to understand how collaborative governance between the Buton district government and other stakeholders related to stunting issues can collaborate and contribute to reducing stunting rates, particularly within the Bajau ethnic community residing in the Buton region. Due to their long-standing isolation above the sea, the Bajo/Bajau people have a lower level of well-being compared to other ethnic communities in Buton. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, the researcher found that while collaboration has been effective at the governmental level, there are still several obstacles, such as suboptimal private sector involvement and a low level of health awareness among the Bajau community. |
| 17 | Exploring Resilience Through Communicative Processes Among Displaced People by Development Project | Farida Hariyati ( IPB University ) Djuara Lubis ( IPB University ) Rilus Kinseng ( Bogor Agricultural University ) Sumardjo Sumardjo ( IPB University ) | Displaced people are part of consequences in infrastructure projects that resulted social, economic, cultural, and psychological impacts that cannot be ignored. This research aims to explore how communication play role in building resilience through five communicative processes in experiencing sustainable livelihood. This study involved displaced people affected by dam project in West Java, Indonesia. Some dialectic interviews were conducted among the informants, and their experiential stories were interpreted into several coding. The result of this study highlight five communicative processes, namely: 1) crafting new normalcy, where this process portrayed how people construct and adjust new reality after experiencing trigger events; 2) affirming identity anchor; the process that enable them to change and strengthen their identity, spirituality, and sense of life; 3) using and maintaining communication network; how social support, including family and other communication partners delivered positive messages and openness within their interaction, particularly by face-to-face communication; 4) putting alternative logics to work; people drive new ways of viewing hardship that embrace its negative nature; reframe their new life by rationalizing their predestination, thus they have to continue their life by doing different job; 5) legitimizing negative feelings while foregrounding positive actions; people reframed that the situation was not on their imagination, however, they must continue their life for their love ones, family, friends, and relatives. People constructed and reframed dynamic way to create new realities in their everyday life to build resilience for their sustainable livelihood. Resilience is not a linear process, but dwells in interactions that involves various actors or communicators |
| 18 | Agrarian Conflict Phenomenon through the Alternative Dispute Resolution Method in Redistributive Agrarian Reform Program. Case Study: Buatan II, Koto Gasib District, Siak Regency | Wahyu Hidayat ( Bandung Institute of Technology ) | Plantation areas that managed by companies since the colonial era are still the most common agrarian conflict cases in Indonesia. Based on the Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria data, about 50.62% of agrarian conflict cases took place in plantation regions. In consequence, these conflicts emerged in phases that had a long different historical background. The empirical example of this phenomenon is in Buatan II, Koto Gasib District, Siak Regency where there are many interests of both citizens and corporates inevitably to explore resources of acacia plants in the village. In the past year, Wina Subur Sawit Indah corporation had relinquished land rights over 900 hectares of the plasma area as the Corporate Social Responsibility and a minimum 20% requirement of the forest redemption areas. It was necessary to create local economic development impact through agrarian reform mechanism. Practically, the juridical team found some claims to the parcels in the plasm area. They claimed physically and cultivated the lands since before 1998 in total 176,86 Hectares. Furthermore, to figure out how the resolution over the agrarian conflicts, either inventory or re-delineation the object of conflicts using participatory mapped data. In addition, it is important to approach mediation instruments using the Alternative Dispute Resolution method. To achieve the result of mediation responsibly, conducted to three-time mediations on 19 October 2021, 8 November 2021, and 26 November 2021 meets the stakeholders. It produced minutes of meetings and revised a piece of areal deliverances to be 1.110,18 Hectares. As a result, mediation is an alternative effective method to break down the conflict and discover principles to resolve the conflicts through the Ministerial Regulation of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/ Head of National Land Agency Number 21 of 2020 on Handling and Settlement of Land Cases. |
| 19 | The Influence of Waqf-Based Forest Governance on Ecological, Social, and Economic Benefits | Dzikra Aulia Azzahra ( IPB University ) Mohamad Shohibuddin (IPB University) | This study describes the implementation of the waqf scheme on forest governance and its impact on the resulting ecological, social, and economic benefits. This research, which is in the Bogor Waqf Forest, examines how nazir develops and manages forests as waqf assets productively to produce various benefits. To see the effect of Bogor Waqf Forest governance on the benefits generated, researchers focused on three variables, namely waqf forest schemes, waqf forest governance, and waqf forest benefits, which were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. A quantitative influence test was carried out on the waqf forest governance variable on ecological and social benefits generated using the IBM Statistics SPSS 25 application with a simple linear regression test on 30 members respondent. The influence of waqf scheme variables on waqf forest governance and the influence of waqf forest governance variables on the resulting economic benefits are examined using qualitative methods. The research results obtained show that waqf schemes make an important contribution to the development of waqf forests and that forest governance with waqf schemes has an influence on the resulting ecological, social, and economic benefits. |
| 20 | Acceleration of Land Registration Through Community Participation Case Study in Banjar Regency, South Kalimantan Province | Arditya Wicaksono ( badan riset dan inovasi nasional ) | Land registration is one of the government’s strategic programs. Practically, it can protect the community from land disputes in the future. The issue of land registration is seen as not yet fully supported by the community, so there are many problems related to the process and implementation. With a qualitative case study approach. This research wants to unravel problems from the community’s perspective regarding land registration and community participation which can be used as effective learning. so that the acceleration of this program brings more optimal benefits. |
| 21 | Decoding Digitalization in Rural Economic Landscapes: Insights from West Java Villages | Purnama Alamsyah ( BRIN ) | This study systematically examines the nexus between digital transformation and economic progression within the context of 500 select villages in West Java. A quantitative analysis was conducted using the Positive Deviant Approach, which was based on comprehensive datasets from the West Java Development Village Index (IDM) and the West Java Digital Village Index. Emphasis was placed on the integration of three pivotal indices from the Development Village Index (IDM): the Economic Resilience Index (IKE), Social Resilience Index (IKS), and Environmental Resilience Index (IKL) to provide a multifaceted understanding of village development dynamics in the context of village digital transformation. The findings elucidate a complex interplay: while a pronounced degree of digital adaptation was discernible across villages, it only sometimes led to significant economic enhancement. Crucially, the research underscores that robust socio-environmental underpinnings modulate the efficacy of digital strategies for economic betterment. The outcomes of this investigation underscore the imperative of an integrated approach to village digitalization, where technological advancements are harmoniously aligned with socio-environmental imperatives to ensure sustainable economic growth. |
| 22 | Farmers’ Children’s Perception and Work Interest in the Horticultural Agriculture Sector | Arlen Elvide Ariyanto Sudi (IPB University) Alfian Helmi (IPB University) Arif Satria (IPB University) | The agricultural sector is an important sector for the survival of the people, especially horticultural agriculture. Behind that, farmers are the actors who play an important role in running farming in the ornamental plant agricultural sector. However, there are problems such as the increasing average age of farmers and the declining interest of the younger generation in the world of agriculture. Agriculture is dominated by old farmers because the younger generation prefers other sectors rather than agriculture. Therefore, farmer regeneration is an important issue to be discussed. This research looks at the characteristics of farm children as factors that influence the interests and decisions of farmer children to contribute to the agricultural sector. The purpose of this study is to see the effect of individual characteristics and external factors on the aspects of cognition, conation, and affection as a work interest. The method used in this study is a quantitative method with a questionnaire as an instrument and is supported by qualitative data through in-depth interviews and observation |
| 23 | Agricultural Fiscal Decentralization: The Role of Local Governments in the Development of the Agricultural Sector | Muhammad Fazri ( BRIN ) Yulia Setia Lestari ( BRIN ) Nur Hadiati Endah ( BRIN ) Nailatalmuna Nitrasatri Atmaja ( BRIN ) A. Risdawati Alwi Paluseri ( BRIN ) Syarah Siti Suprianti ( BRIN ) | The agricultural sector contributes around 9.22% to Indonesia’s GDP.The central government itself is also very focused on developing this sector. It is proven that the agricultural budget reaches 100.7 trillion in 2023 and is planned to increase by 7.8% in 2024. But the proportion of agriculture continues to decline from year to year. Many studies have been done to see why this phenomenon occurs. There are many factors that influence it, be it from land degradation to lack of interest from young farmers. however, very few analysts have analyzed whether the role of local governments is in line with that of the central government in the development of the agricultural sector. Therefore, this study will try to see the extent of the role of local governments, especially in budget support and its effect on the contribution of the agricultural sector to the Provincial GRDP and make a model in the role of local governments in supporting of the agricultural sector. This study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches where quantitative approaches are used to see the relationship between local government budget support to the contribution of the agricultural sector to GDP. Meanwhile, qualitative approaches are used to build models of local government support. The data used were secondary data with subjects of 34 provinces in Indonesia, and primary data through Focus Group Discussions with relevant stakeholders. The results found that there is still low local government support for the agricultural sector and there is a relationship between the local government budget and the contribution of the agricultural sector. The form of local government support (fiscal decentralization) can be through 3 channels, namely through Assistance for farmer, Requesting Regional Financial Institutions and providing a portion of the regional goverment budget for interest subsidies for Regional Banks, and Making regulations. |
| 24 | Technology and Innovation as an Element of Community Development in the Yard Utilization Program through Family Medicinal Plant (FMP) Conservation in Neglasari Village | Nesya Sembiring ( IPB University ) Hana Indriana ( IPB University) | Public health and the local economic development are the crucial things in the process of sustainable development. Neglasari Village is one of the villages located in Bogor Regency that has a majority of residents who have a yard of land but it has not been utilized optimally in an agricultural sector. The program for utilizing home yard land through the conservation of family medicinal plants (FMP) is an innovative solution that is studied in this article, with a focus on the use of technology and innovation as an element of community development. This yard land utilization program aims to improve the health and income of the community through planting, utilizing and conserving family medicinal plants. This research wants to see how effective technology and innovation is as an important element in the success of a community development program. The research method used in this article is participant observation. The research results found that the technology and innovation aspect in the form of greenhouses, barcodes and website programs have been integrated into a community development program based on the use of yard land for FMP conservation in Neglasari Village. Technology and innovation is also able to increase the efficiency and positive impact of the program and help increase the capacity of the Neglasari Village community. |
| 25 | Multi-Stakeholder and Multi-Level Governance: Community Empowerment Strategy based on Yard Utilization in Neglasari Village | Dhiya Islamiyati ( IPB University ) Hana Indriana ( IPB University) | Neglasari Village is located in Dramaga District, Bogor Regency, which has quite large potential in the agricultural sector. People in Neglasari Village have not used their home gardens for agriculture. Therefore, the home yard must be utilized optimally for personal consumption and to increase selling value so that it can increase people’s income. Neglasari Village implements a program for utilizing home gardens through Family Medicinal Plant (FMP) conservation which aims to improve the economy of the Neglasari Village community and encourage the community to be more productive. This research aims to analyze organizational management and the roles of various stakeholders and various levels as a step in developing networks in program implementation. This research was conducted using the observation method. In its implementation, this program carries out multi-stakeholder and multi-level network development by involving various stakeholders such as the Village Head, Village Secretary, Babinsa, PKK, RT and RW as a form of strategy for empowering the Neglasari Village community. Apart from that, this program builds a partnership network with PT Gondowangi and Biofarmaka to support program implementation and so that this program can be sustainable. |
| 26 | The Role of Women in the Family towards Post-Covid Family Resilience Efforts in Jatiendah Village | Silalahi Valentino ( IPB University ) | Resilience is the effort of a community or a particular group to move from a dangerous or unstable zone to a more stable state. Resilience can occur in any particular group, including families as a unit of social life. After the outbreak has affected all areas of people’s lives, the family, as a unit of community life, requires resilience efforts to get through a difficult time during the pandemic. Of course, the role of all actors in the household is necessary for the success of this resilience. Therefore, a study was conducted on the role of women in family resilience efforts after the outbreak in Jatiendah Village. |
| 27 | Social learning process of ornamental plant farmers in using social media for e-commerce | Pera Nurfathiyah ( Jambi University ) | Social learning theory has been widely used in various studies in the fields of education and health to investigate individual behavior. The results of the research literature review concluded that farmers need to learn from their environment as a form of communication in facing technological transitions. This research aims to find out how social media directly, through social systems, and self-efficacy influence the behavior of ornamental plant farmers in using social media for e-commerce. The research design uses an instrumental case study with data collection techniques using in-depth interviews with 25 informants. The research results show that farmers who use social media through social systems have high self-efficacy. Farmers who learn to use social media through the social system will increase their self-confidence through visible business behavior, namely actively uploading content, updating content, actively seeking information, sharing information, discussing, dialoguing, and collaborating with other farmers, according to the opinion of informants from the department who stated that farmers must learn independently by utilizing communities on social media. |
| 28 | Communication in Social Services | Rakhmani, Pudji Muljono , Djuara P Lubis, Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo (IPB University) | The basic essence of sustainable development is to carry out social services that can empower the community. Community empowerment can be achieved through effective communication, which in fact is quite difficult to implement. This study aims to identify elements of communication in social services that are able to empower the community. This study uses analytical content on online media reporting between 2014 and 2022, deliberately selected to have the most significant information about communicators, messages, media, and communicants in social services at the Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency Government, South Kalimantan Province, one of the autonomous regions that succeeded in reducing poverty during the pandemic-19. The results of the study found that the main elements of communication in social services that empower are: 1) communicators of regional heads and heads of social services; 2) communication messages about motivation; 3) communication media used for coordination meetings, social aid distribution meetings, and field visits; and 4) communicants of Sarjana Pendamping Desa Sejahtera and recipients of social service programs. |
| 29 | The sustainable development communication strategy of the Tangerang City Communication and Information Agency in socializing the implementation of digitalization through the People’s Aspiration and Complaints Online Service (LAPOR) program | eko purwanto ( University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang ) Mirza Shahreza ( Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang ) Selly Oktarina ( Sriwijaya University, ) Tantry Widiyanarti ( Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang ) eko wahyono ( Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang ) | This research aims to analyze The sustainable development communication strategy of the Tangerang City Communication and Information Agency in socializing the implementation of digitalization through the People’s Aspiration and Complaints Online Service (LAPOR) program. The People’s Aspiration and Complaints Online Service (LAPOR) is an online-based System for Managing Public Service Complaints (SP4N). This study employs a qualitative research approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The research utilizes Hafied Cangara’s theory (2013), which consists of research, planning, execution, evaluation, and reporting. Based on the research findings, the Information and Communication Agency of Tangerang City did not conduct research before the socialization and incorporated communication elements during the planning stage. The planning process involved the allocation of human resources and budgeting before launching the online public service. Implementation was carried out through socialization via social media (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook), print media (newspapers, magazines, billboards), and field activities, including the participation of the Mayor of Tangerang City. Evaluation was performed by measuring Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), although a routine review of internal and external strategy factors was not conducted. Written reports about socialization activities were not specific to LAPOR but were regularly submitted to the highest authorities and relevant departments, including LAPOR socialization. Follow-up actions: Complaints submitted through the LAPOR system were addressed promptly and responsively. There were three types of follow-up actions: approval, pending, and archiving, depending on the clarity and significance of the received complaints or aspirations. |
| 30 | Strengthening Employment Through Sustainable Rural Industrialization Bambling Global Event Tourism in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone | Caswiyono Rusydie Cakrawangsa ( IPB University ) Lala M Kolopaking ( IPB University ) Rilus Kinseng ( IPB University ) Pudji Muljono ( IPB University ) | Development in Indonesia tends to prioritize economic growth and ignores strengthening human resources and preserving natural resources. Through qualitative research, it was shown that the development of the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) was indeed developed to prioritize the provision of physical facilities and infrastructure to grow the economy, without being balanced by adequate plans to increase the capacity of the surrounding village community and develop tourism on an eco-tourism basis. In addition, it was found that there was no effort from capital based global tourism managers to integrate tourist destinations that had been pioneered by village communities, such as cultural tourism, ecotourism, crafts and local food. Preparing the competencies of village community members to be part of the development of facilities and infrastructure is not going well. This gives rise to a conflictual development model between the community and global tourism managers which will become a driver of regional economic growth and state income. From this study there are solution steps to this social problem. Increasing the competence of village residents through the development of Community Work Training Centers in buffer villages to balance tourism development in the Mandalika SEZ. The process was developed through collaboration between local government, central government, universities and non-governmental organizations. There are symptoms, now village residents are starting to become entrepreneurs and have access to become tourism workers from the Mandalika SEZ. The idea of a consensual model cannot be sustainable without affirmative policies and changes in the perspective of various parties through rural industrialization with a sustainable development dimension based on tourism development in communities and villages as an inseparable part of global event tourism. |
| 31 | Mining, Land Grabbing and Vulnerability: Vulnerability of Village Communities Post-Mining and Lumber Company Land Expansion in Kecamatan Lahei Barat, Kabupaten Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah | Dedy Perdana ( IPB University ) Berkat Pisi ( University of Palangka Raya ) Dedy Ilham Perdana ( IPB University ) | Coal mining and timber companies are strategic industries for Indonesia, so exploration is very massive and extends to remote villages, including in the area of Kecamatan Lahei Barat, Kabupaten Barito Utara, Kalimantan Tengah. The Lahei Barat community, which previously inhabited the area and used nature as an economic foundation, especially in searching for rubber latex and processing river fish, is being threatened due to two activities in the forest and mining sectors. There are three aims of this research, namely, first, identifying the main problem of community vulnerability in the Lahei Barat region due to mining and timber company expansion, second, identifying conflicts that arise due to the movement of vulnerability in the community, and third, identifying factors that trigger conflict. This research was conducted in 2022 in Luwe Hulu Village, Karendan Village and Pari Village, using a grounded theory approach, by starting interviews with key informants who experienced both vertical and horizontal conflict problems and snowballing these key informants to get informants who understand vulnerability issues. communities in the West Lahei District area. The result is, firstly, that the people of Lahei Barat find it difficult to allocate natural resources as a basis for economic life due to forest encroachment and the increasing extent of mining land being executed in the area. Second, as a result, vertical and horizontal conflicts emerged in the area, third, vertically, the community blocked roads in villages through which the company passed due to local human resources not being recruited as workers in the company, local communities refusing land expansion, and damaging company facilities. due to unilateral land expansion in collaboration with local political actors, horizontally, the community is divided into two camps, pros and cons of mining companies and logging companies, apart from that, there is anti-immigrant sentiment. |
| 32 | Soil and Agriculture Museum Communication Strategies Utilizing Virtual Tour During Pandemic | Bambang Indra Nugroho ( Sebelas Maret University ) | The Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia has formed new habits in society. The government implemented a Large-Scale Social Restriction policy to encourage community activities to be carried out from home in an effort to stop the spread of the virus. Museums as educational tourism destinations are greatly affected by this policy because they cannot operate and close their services. The Soil and Agricultural Museum, which is managed by The Center Library and Agricultural Literacy, Ministry of Agriculture located in Bogor, takes steps to utilize technology in its management through virtual tour. This study aims to determine virtual tour as a communication strategy carried out in serving visitors during the pandemic. The research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a case study method. The theory used in this research is John Middleton’s communication strategy which explains the interaction process that occurs within the organization in achieving its goals. The research data were obtained from interviews, field observations, activity documentation, and literature studies. The results of the study show that virtual tour are one form of communication strategy that has been successfully carried out by the Soil and Agricultural Museum to reach the wider community during the pandemic. The Soil and Agricultural Museum utilizes virtual tour to facilitate online museum visits are carried out using Zoom applications, websites, and social media to promote them so that people are increasingly interested in visiting the museum virtually. |
| 34 | The Two-Edged Sword of IKN Nusantara Development (An Environmental Communication Study in Penajam Paser Utara) | teguh rachmad ( IPB University ) yohanes sasongko ( IPB University ) Kho, Gerson Manuel ( Bunda Mulia University ) | A Study on Environmental Communication to Minimize Risks in the Development of Indonesia’s National Capital (IKN Nusantara) in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. Any development project will have an impact on economic, political, social, and cultural growth, especially in the case of the planned relocation of Indonesia’s capital city (IKN Nusantara) to Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. This relocation will affect both the environment and the local community. The IKN development encompasses 256,142 hectares of land, designated as the National Strategic Area (KSN) for IKN. This land will directly or indirectly impact the existing forests in Penajam Paser Utara, East Kalimantan. How can the risks associated with the IKN Nusantara development be minimized through environmental communication studies? The methodology used will be qualitative, employing in-depth interviews. Selection of interviewees will be categorized based on the research’s objectives and subjects. The research’s findings highlight key environmental communication aspects that should be prioritized and form the basis for policy recommendations to the Indonesian government. These aspects include: Environmental Information and Awareness, Public Consultation, Environmental Impact Assessment, Environmental Impact Mitigation, Environmental Monitoring, Community Participation, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). These seven policy recommendations, based on the environmental communication study, convey a significant message for the preservation of the natural environment, plants, animals, and humans, enabling them to harmoniously coexist. The conclusion drawn from this research is that development should not prioritize pragmatism alone but also consider humanitarian and environmental aspects. This approach ensures that development does not solely serve the interests of those in power. |
| 35 | The Development Of Community-Based Tourism Through Partnership Support | A. Risdawati Alwi Paluseri ( BRIN ) Yulianta Yulianta ( BRIN ) Nyimas L. Letty Aziz ( BRIN ) Muhammad Fazri ( BRIN ) Syarah Siti Supriyanti ( BRIN ) | The tourism sector is closely related to the creative economy, because tourism activities are always related to what can be bought by the tourists in tourism destination areas. Therefore, the provision of creative economic products which are the local products is very much needed to increase regional income and provide benefits to the surrounding community. The Pandeglang Local Government is realizing this to revive the Tanjung Lesung tourism area. The community must be directly involved in tourism development. One of them is through the development of the local creative economic products. However, this has experienced obstacles due to various limitations ranging from equipment, skills, and to the limited number of people willing to get involved. The government realizes that it is necessary to build a network of partnerships with various parties. This study aims to analyze how partnership development encourages community empowerment for the development of creative economic products in Tanjung Lesung. This study used a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with relevant stakeholders. The results found that developing partnerships through the use of corporate social responsibility from the private sector can support community empowerment in the development of the local creative economic products. In addition, these activity increase awareness about the important role of stakeholders directly involved in improving community-based tourism. |
| 36 | Transformation of Digital Literacy and Cyber Law in Rural Society: A Systematic Literature Review | Dewi Atriani ( Mulawarman University ) Arini Purba ( Institut Teknologi Kalimantan ) | Digital literacy and cyber law are continuously expanding and becoming increasingly crucial in society, encompassing even rural society. Rural societies are often overlooked, as they are often considered to be limited in scope and seemingly less technologically skilled. Nevertheless, it is of utmost importance to ensure the widespread adoption of digital literacy throughout all corners of Indonesia, striving for equal distribution of digital literacy and improving the welfare of rural society by utilizing technological advancements. The purpose of this research is to examine the regulations relating to digital literacy in rural society in Indonesia and the development of digital literacy transformation in this rural society. The research approach was the literature review, which involves a critical exploration of knowledge, ideas, or findings in academic-oriented literature. The review covered articles published from 2019 to 2023 that are relevant to digital literacy in rural society. The results of the research showed that digital literacy is a government-driven initiative that aims to promote a deeper understanding of the digital realm among Indonesians, including rural society. These efforts are reinforced by legislation such as The Law of Electronic Information and Transaction (UU ITE) and other related regulations. Furthermore, the literature review also highlights that the development of digital literacy within rural society is steadily progressing in tandem with technological advancements, aligning with the nation’s goals for digital literacy programs in Indonesia. |
| 37 | Digitalization of Village Public Services in the Cybernetic Tradition: A Conceptual Critique | Faudyan Eka Satria (Universitas Gadjah Mada) | The public services digitalization at the village level in Indonesia has recently gained significant attention. The success of several villages in achieving this can be seen in the form of a website platform that facilitates community access to government services; making it easier, faster, and more efficient while reducing bureaucratic complexities. However, on a national scale, this transformation has not yet reached an optimal level. This is consistent with the challenges faced by various district-level governments, such as limitations in human resources and infrastructure, which further affects the village-level. Yet, the issue I intend to explore here extends beyond merely advocating for a central government initiative to increase budgetary support for the development of digitalized village public services. I believe this approach may not yield the desired results. In this context, I actually want to measure how far we understand the digitalization of public services, especially from the village government perspective which is currently ‘successful’ in producing the digitalization agenda outputs. I will present this through a literature study of journal reports with relevant themes throughout 2022-2023 in Indonesia. I will continue this by reviewing it from the horizon of the cybernetic tradition to test: is digitalization only limited to providing digital infrastructure? In my opinion, the use of this tradition is appropriate considering the cybernetic tradition character which focuses on the disclosure of some concepts: feedback, control between components of a system, and the possibility of autonomy for the members of a system. I think this will be useful for reconstructing the concept of developing digital life, especially in the aspect of public services, by village governments, whether they have recently created digital outputs for this aspect or not. |
| 38 | Innovative Learning Media in Improving Landslide Disaster Preparedness through Role Playing Method for Children in Petir Village | Narenda Wijaya ( IPB University ) Salamah Zukhrufa Jannah ( IPB University ) Adi Suwarno ( IPB University ) Sahal Mahfudz ( IPB University ) Miatu ‘Ainur Rohmawati ( IPB University ) Hana Indriana ( IPB University) | Landslides are one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia. The Petir village was one of the areas in Bogor district’s Dramaga district that had high risk of landslides. In 2020 there have been landslides twice, and then the next year it slides back in the Petir Village. Education on disaster preparedness is necessary to reduce the risk of early disaster fatalities especially to children. Role play facilitates students to learn actively through role playing. Student active participation will create new circumstances and different learning experiences so that children can be trained to think more creative, active, and disaster response. In addition, well-packed material giving includes introduction materials about avalanche disasters, physical reinforcement and training for mitigating avalanche disasters, and avalanche simulation. Through interesting materials will give new experiences and behavior changes that go from not knowing to know, from not being able to being able and from not caring to caring. The study shows an increased understanding of children of potential land avalanches and provides the skills and knowledge needed to act safely and effectively in disaster situations. Pretest and post-test results indicate a change in children’s attitudes and knowledge of disaster preparedness. Application of role-playing methods with implemented learning innovation is effective and efficient to achieve goals. Similar application and approach implications can be applied in other communities and can enhance preparedness, which reduces the potential damage in frequent mudslides. |
| 39 | Stakeholder Information Needs Influence the Quality of Development Messages and Development News in the Digital Media Era | iman Indrati ( Metro Tv ) | The presence of development journalists is needed to criticize, study, evaluate and report on the relevance of development projects. This research aims to analyze the influence of society’s information needs, politics and government, on the quality of development messages and news, as well as the quality of presentation of news and messages. assessed by the community. The research results show; There is no significant influence between the information need variables based on societal, business, political and government perspectives on the quality of development messages from an F value of 1.822 which is smaller than an F value of 1.822. The F table number is 2.57 and the significance value is 0.141, which is more than 0.05, so it can be concluded that the news quality hypothesis from the Fcount value is 6.720, which is greater than the Ftable number, namely 2.57 and the significance value of 0.00 is smaller than 0.05. Based on the research results, it is known that there is a significant influence between the variable public information needs (X2) on the development of message quality (Y2). This means that society’s information needs influence the quality of development messages. Furthermore, there is a significant influence between the variable public information needs (X2) on news quality (Y3) seen from the calculated t value, namely 4.052, which is greater than the t table number of 2.011 and the significant value obtained is 0.00 smaller. of 0.05, proven correct. According to information from press institutions, it is known that there has been a decline in quality caused by; complaints of violations from the Indonesian side. Broadcasting Institutions, less attractive news packaging, social media competition, in-depth news analysis, intervention from stakeholders, lack of cross-sectoral support, small amount of compensation received by journalists. |
| 40 | Community Development for Agricultural Enhancement at HIPOCI (Association of Organic Farmers in Cianjur) | Eleonora Valensia Stella ( IPB University ) Anna Fatchiya ( IPB University ) | Community development is a fundamental aspect contributing to the overall well-being of societies. This principle extends to the corporate realm through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs, often directed at nearby villages or communities to facilitate their development. HIPOCI, backed by PT Tirta Investama’s CSR program, is situated in Gekbrong Village, Cianjur Regency, West Java, with a primary emphasis on organic and integrated farming. HIPOCI comprises individuals who were originally conventional farmers but made the transition to organic agriculture, resulting in substantial changes in their practices and knowledge. This study delves into the importance of community development for HIPOCI, the challenges faced during its implementation, and strategies to optimize the community’s growth. The research methodology employed encompasses a comprehensive literature review and online data collection, including materials sourced from HIPOCI’s website and Instagram. All gathered data are meticulously organized within a shared Google Drive accessible to all group members, facilitating subsequent data analysis. This study highlights the community’s advocacy and capacity-building endeavors, such as advocating for government halal certification for Beras Orisa (HIPOCI’s rice product), soliciting government support for tax amnesty training, cooperative formation, trade training, and conducting benchmarking studies with more advanced organic farmer groups. Furthermore, HIPOCI’s community development extends its reach by forging partnerships and enhancing communication with organic farmer groups in Cianjur and neighboring areas, meeting the burgeoning market demand for organic agricultural products. Leveraging information technology, HIPOCI effectively markets itself through platforms such as Instagram (@beras.orisa), a dedicated website, and a blog, reinforcing its community branding efforts. |
| 41 | Assessing the Impact of the Community Development Strategies for Organization (CDSO) Program Using Kirkpatrick Model | Jason Ramirez ( Occidental Mindoro State College ) | Community development initiatives are crucial for addressing social challenges in diverse contexts, particularly in the Philippines. However, implementing effective strategies tailored to specific communities remains a challenge. This study focused on the Community Development Strategies for Organization (CDSO) program in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, considering the unique challenges of rural communities. The study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the CDSO program’s impact using the Kirkpatrick Model, which addresses the deficiency in evaluating community development initiatives. The research investigated the program’s effectiveness in empowering beneficiaries, fostering sustainable development, and enhancing economic growth. Employing an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach, the study involved quantitative and qualitative phases. Quantitative data were collected from 100 beneficiaries using a structured questionnaire based on the Kirkpatrick Model. Qualitative data were gathered from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with 7 beneficiaries. The study adhered to ethical considerations, ensuring informed consent and confidentiality. The findings indicate high beneficiary satisfaction, particularly in the impact and benefits domain. The CDSO program effectively enhanced participants’ knowledge and skills, leading to empowerment, sustainable impact, and collaborative growth. Moreover, the program positively influenced the growth of tofu production, sales, and revenue over three years. The evaluation of the CDSO program’s impact using the Kirkpatrick Model underscores its effectiveness in driving positive outcomes in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro. The study’s insights offer guidance for program improvement and inform decision-making for sustainable community development. Addressing limitations related to self-reported data and external factors, the study contributes to the evidence-based approach of community development interventions. |
| 42 | Development of Gross Loan Portfolio Risk-Return Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity Structure | Jason Ramirez ( Occidental Mindoro State College ) | Microfinance institutions (MFIs) in the Philippines have gained considerable attention due to their crucial role in promoting financial inclusion and alleviating poverty. However, evaluating the risk-return profile of these MFIs poses a challenge due to the absence of standardized and validated instruments specifically designed for the microfinance sector. This study aimed to address this issue by developing a customized questionnaire, known as the gross loan portfolio risk-return questionnaire (GLP-RRQ), tailored to microfinance institutions operating in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. A cross-sectional approach was employed as the research design for this quantitative study, and five microfinance institutions actively participated. To ensure the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was conducted to assess its internal consistency. Furthermore, factor analysis was employed to examine the construct validity and identify underlying dimensions of risk and return. The findings revealed a high level of internal consistency across the questionnaire’s components, indicating its reliability as an instrument for assessing microfinance institutions’ loan portfolios. Consequently, it is recommended for broader adoption to evaluate the risk and financial performance of microfinance institutions’ loan portfolios. By utilizing this instrument, stakeholders can make well-informed decisions and effectively manage the risks associated with microfinance institutions’ loan portfolios. |
| 43 | Establishing Livelihood Resilience Among Fishing Communities: The Case of Tuna (Thunnus Albacares) Fisheries in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines | Fyedunaway Asio ( Occidental Mindoro State College ) Jason Ramirez ( Occidental Mindoro State College ) | In Occidental Mindoro, catching Yellowfin tuna isn’t just an occupation—it’s deeply embedded in the culture. However, recent times have seen a decline in their fortunes. Older fishers remember when the seas were abundant with tuna, but now many voyages yield nothing. The changing temperature of the oceans affects tuna quality, leading to decreased market prices. Coupled with high fishing expenses, many fishermen find themselves struggling financially. This research delves into these pressing issues, seeking to understand the lived experiences and resilience strategies of these fishers. This study looks into these challenges and aims to better understand the experiences in sustaining their livelihood and coping strategies to overcome the economic, environmental and social challenges of the small-scale tuna fishers. This study employed a phenomenological approach for its qualitative research to deeply explore the resilience of tuna fishing communities. The data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The interview transcripts were examined and coded to pinpoint common themes and patterns. The study’s findings have revealed that small-scale tuna fishers encounter a confluence of challenges that imperil the sustainability of their livelihoods. Climate change, overfishing, and economic instability have emerged as prominent factors undermining their efforts. Furthermore, the study proposed adaptive measures employed by small-scale tuna fishing communities in Occidental Mindoro to effectively steer the intricate web of economic, environmental, and social obstacles that beset them. By implementing strategies like income diversification, credit availability, strengthen market connections and advocacy, these communities demonstrate a proactive approach to securing their livelihoods and stimulating their resilience in the face of complex challenges. |
| 44 | Fishing-based Livelihood Program as a Priority Area of Community Needs Assessment: Creating a Baseline for Extension Program in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines | Fyedunaway Asio ( Occidental Mindoro State College ) | In Occidental Mindoro, Philippines, marine fishing serves not just as a commercial enterprise but as a deeply ingrained way of life and a primary income source for local residents. Despite its significance, the majority of fishermen in the province face unfavorable livelihood conditions, characterized by poverty and limited educational attainment. This study seeks to fill this research gap by investigating the specific challenges confronting small-scale or municipal fishing communities in Occidental Mindoro. It aims to assess the socio-economic characteristics, current livelihood conditions in terms of fish stock level, sustainable practices and economic viability of these communities. The overarching objective is to compile foundational data that will inform the creation of an extension program focused on elevating the economic well-being of small-scale fishing communities in the province. This study utilized a descriptive research approach to investigate the challenges and conditions facing small-scale fishers in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. The population for the study consisted of 4,787 individuals. A sample size of 356 respondents was determined using the Raosoft Calculator and drawn from 11 municipalities within the province through Simple Random Sampling Technique. Small-scale fishermen in Occidental Mindoro grapple with a multitude of challenges such as limited educational opportunities, low earnings, absence of alternative income avenues, insufficient training, dwindling fish stocks, sustainable practices, and economic viability. Based on the findings, it is recommended to strengthen the government interventions. Moreover, the college has developed an extension program tailored to the requirements of the fishing communities. |
| 45 | Enhancing MSMEs Based on Social and Digital Capital: Collaborative Initiatives of Women and Youth in Karanganyar Village, Central Java | Etti Diana ( National Research and Innovation Agency ) | The dynamic changes in the digital era pose challenges for women’s groups in rural areas around Borobudur Temple, particularly in developing locally-based businesses like pottery making associated with the tourism sector. The mastery of traditional skills and knowledge in pottery represents a longstanding generational heritage and local tradition in women’s lives. The research aims to investigate collaborative initiatives of women and youth groups in establishing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) supporting tourism through digital communities and social capital. Qualitative research involves in-depth interviews with key informants from women and youth groups, along with direct observations of pottery businesses related to tourism in Karanganyar Village, Magelang Regency, Central Java. Research findings emphasize the crucial role of social capital in strengthening relationships, building trust, adhering to cultural norms, and enhancing women’s skills in pottery production—facilitating resource-sharing as a synergy of group empowerment. Descriptively, the involvement of digital communities shapes the direction of women-led businesses. The role of youth in facilitating businesses, creating brands, and developing networks proves to be crucial for attracting tourists and customers. Digital communities expedite communication between women and youth groups, leveraging local potential in MSMEs, especially in pottery businesses supporting tourism. However, further research is highly important to explore business networks with digital platforms based on local wisdom, including the role of young women in sustaining the development of pottery businesses. The study concludes by underscoring the urgency of empowering women and youth in the digital economy and highlighting the need for concrete policy actions to fully support their comprehensive participation and inclusion in the digital world. |
| 46 | Development of SANDATA (Safeguard Against Natural Disasters of Academes Through Actions): A Strategic Communication Model on Disaster Risk Management for Higher Education Institutions in the Province of Occidental Mindoro | Leomar Christian Nielo ( Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas ) | The Philippine DRRM Act recognize the crucial role of Higher Education Institutions on disaster resilience as information generators and strategic communication planners (Alejandro, 2019). The province of Occidental Mindoro is highly susceptible to natural disasters (Villarin et al., 2008). The study ascertained disaster risk communication strategies employed by HEIs under disaster stages of Crisis Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) Theory, identified communication challenges experienced by stakeholders and gathered their experiences and recommendations to improve existing strategies of their institutions. The respondents of the study were 347 for the quantitative data and 240 for the qualitative data. Structural equation modelling and thematic analysis were used and results shows that the communication challenges encountered by the Administrators, Faculty, and students in the HEIs in Occidental Mindoro is high with situational factors as very high. The respondents experienced that communication was hampered during disasters because electricity and internet connection is down or unavailable, some information posted in social media are not reliable because of some unscrupulous persons who make false information particularly on typhoons, and information in the web pages of the school are not updated. The communication strategies used by the HEIs is high having very high strategies in the maintenance phase. The suggestions to improve disaster communication strategies are provision of visible and easy to understand hazard maps and evacuation routes and other IEC materials and disaster trainings. The output of the study is termed as SANDATA (Safeguard Against Natural Disasters of Academes Through Actions) which is a strategic communication model on disaster risk management for HEIs in the province of Occidental Mindoro, dedicated to establish a disaster-resilient academic environment and to form an effective disaster risk communication that will safeguard stakeholders. |
| 47 | Effectiveness of ‘Tugdaan’ Infomercial in Crisis Communication Management for Medium-sized Enterprises in San Jose, Occidental Mindoro | Leomar Christian Nielo ( Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas ) Jason Ramirez ( Occidental Mindoro State College ) | In the era of digital advancement, the pervasive influence of social media and online platforms has exponentially amplified the reach and rapidity of information dissemination. Consequently, organizations are compelled not only to exhibit promptness in their crisis communication but also to demonstrate precision and openness. The potential escalation of crises due to misinformation underscores the necessity for meticulousness. Despite the acknowledged significance of managing crisis communication, a noticeable void exists in research that appraises the efficacy of specific communication interventions within the context of the Philippines. Against this backdrop, the present study undertook the development of an infomercial as a solution to this predicament. Employing a quantitative research design, the study employed a pre-test and post-test survey questionnaire administered to a purposefully selected cohort of 71 managers hailing from medium-sized enterprises. Leveraging a paired t-test, the study facilitated a meaningful juxtaposition of pre-test and post-test scores. The outcomes revealed a substantial contrast in the comprehension of bookkeeping concepts before and after exposure to the ‘Tugdaan’ infomercial. Based on these findings, the study suggests that both organizations and educational institutions embrace captivating multimedia resources such as the ‘Tugdaan’ infomercial. This strategic utilization of multimedia resources is proposed to augment crisis communication knowledge among managers, fostering an enriched grasp of efficacious strategies. Consequently, this could fortify organizational readiness and responsiveness, ultimately contributing to an improved crisis management framework. |
| 49 | Application Of Livelihood Vulnerability Index In Assessing Smallholder Local Fisherman Household’s Vulnerability To Climate Change In Pasaran Island | Prima Nurul Islami ( Universitas Negeri Jakarta ) | Climate change has a negative impact on traditional local fishing households living on Pasaran Island. This is because most of the community’s economic activities are very dependent on natural resources, namely fish, and are greatly influenced by the current climate. This study examines the vulnerability of local traditional fishing households to climate change on Pasaran Island by applying a livelihood vulnerability approach. An index with special emphasis on access and optimal use of fisheries resources and changes in the number of fish catches each year. Primary data is based on the results of a survey of 150 fishing families and is also complemented by secondary data. Changes in fish catches from year to year based on data and community perceptions are the basis for assessing the impact of climate change and potential vulnerability. The research results explain that traditional local fishing households on Pasaran Island have a high level of vulnerability to climate change and weather variability in terms of food supply, water, health, and economic conditions. Wind changes are also an important indicator to see the level of population vulnerability to disasters. From the aspect of adaptive capacity based on socio-demographics, social networks and household livelihoods are measures of the extent to which the level of vulnerability affects household conditions. It is hoped that the research results can become a basis for implementing programs, especially climate change adaptation, as an effort to increase household resilience. |
| 50 | Participatory communication of the younger generation through children’s communities in West Kalimantan, Indonesia | Joshua Fernando ( IPB University ) Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo ( IPB University ) Pudji Muljono ( IPB University ) Rustono Farady Marta ( Satya Negara Indonesia University ) | The balance of human ecology is a consideration for how the young generation of West Kalimantan is prepared to become leaders in managing the potential of natural resources in the future. West Kalimantan Children’s Forum is a forum for children’s group participation where members can discuss social issues, create programs, conduct socialization, and advocate for various parties. The abilities gained by members of the children’s forum become good social capital to build the potential of West Kalimantan’s natural resources in the future. This study aims to see the construction process for the rise of critical awareness and implementation in a sustainable work program built during interactions carried out as members of the West Kalimantan Children’s Forum. This study uses Paulo Freire’s educational dehumanization theory. This research uses a qualitative approach with the SPEAKING Hymes method based on the Ethnography of Communication as an analytical knife. This study found how West Kalimantan Children’s Forum members interact in a participatory manner to discuss issues that develop in their environment. The two-way participatory dialogue room continues to train children’s abilities to analyze, communicate, find ideas, and think critically to become human development capital to maximize the potential of natural resource management in West Kalimantan. |
| 51 | Multi-stakeholder Platforms as Instruments for Building Capacity of Agricultural Innovation Systems : Based on Jarwo Super Application in West Java | Winda Anestya ( Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional ) | The Jarwo Super innovation platform was identified as a framework for the introduction of Jarwo Super rice cultivation technology through the use of technological components developed for irrigated rice fields. This study examines the multi-stakeholders collaboration on the scaling process of the Jajar Legowo (Jarwo) Super technological package as a research result of the Agricultural Research and Development Agency (Balitbangtan), Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), Indonesia. Employing the innovation platform framework, this study explores the multi-stakeholders’ perspectives by conducting semi-structured interviews with related stakeholders: researchers, policy makers, disseminators, and local governments. The research identified multi-actor involvement through the Multi Channel Dissemination Structure (SDMC) developed by the Agricultural Research and Development Agency as a policy scheme starting from research, assessment, development and application as well as feedback on the technology that has been developed. Research shows that the structure of the Jarwo Super innovation platform consists of two functions, namely technology developers and technology beneficiaries. It is necessary to establish a new structure as a form of “extension agency” for the innovation platform being implemented, especially in relation to scaling activities so that there is no overlap with the main tasks and functions of the existing structure. |
| 52 | Negative Framing in Educational Videos and its Effect on Adolescent Girls’ Perception of Iron-Folic Acid Supplement Consumption | Annisa Seminar ( IPB University ) Hilmi Pamungkas ( IPB University ) Sarwititi Sarwoprasodjo ( IPB University ) Ali Khomsan ( IPB University ) | Prevention of anemia in adolescents has been identified as a key government program to reduce the high stunting rate in Indonesia. This initiative involves providing free Iron-folic acid supplements (IFAS) to adolescent girls through schools, with the aim of encouraging behavior change in terms of IFAS consumption. The Indonesian Ministry of Health has developed communication products such as educational videos, posters, and leaflets to promote this behavior change. This study aimed to compare the effect of positive and negative framing in educational videos on female students’ perceptions regarding the importance of IFAS. The research utilized a quantitative method and was conducted with 90 female students selected from two high schools in Dramaga and Ciampea, Bogor Regency. Respondents were divided equally into two groups: one watching positive-framing videos and the other watching negative-framing videos. Data were analyzed using a Two-way ANOVA. The results revealed that videos with negative framing had a significant influence on the perceptions of female students regarding IFAS (sig. 0.027, p-value <0.05). However, videos with negative framing were found to have a greater influence on students who were not aware of the importance of TTD (sig. 0.000, p-value <0.05). This research highlights the need to consider message framing and psychographic characteristics in communicating health risk information. Additionally, it is important to test the effectiveness of messages in the target audience to determine the quality of communication products. |
| 53 | Urgency of Agricultural Extension with a Gender Perspective | Dyah Retna Puspita ( IPB University) Anna Fatchiya ( IPB University ) | Based on 2013 Agricultural Census data, of the 31 million farmers in Indonesia, the number of female farmers is only 7.34 million or 23.16 percent. The majority (24.36 million or 76.84 percent) are male farmers. Even though they are small, the existence of these women farmers needs attention because their contribution is not small. For this reason, this paper aims to examine: (1) the contribution of women farmers in Indonesia, (2) the practical and strategic gender needs of women farmers and (3) the extent to which agricultural extension has met that needs of women farmers. The results of the study show the large contribution of women in the agricultural sector. However, efforts to increase their role through advisory activity are still oriented towards meeting short-term practical gender needs and are not yet oriented towards achieving their strategic needs. This makes them still vulnerable to experiencing gender injustice which results in gender gaps. |
| 54 | The Impact of Ecotourism Development: Livelihood Structure as well as Adaptation and Mitigation of Climate Change in the Rural Household | Muhamad Lutfi Imanuloh ( IPB University ) Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ( IPB University ) | Ecotourism is a tourism activity that relies on natural and environmental conditions as a tourist destination. The presence of ecotourism can affect the livelihood conditions of rural households around the tourism area. In addition, ecotourism can also be an activity for climate change adaptation and mitigation. and mitigation of climate change. The purpose of this research is to analyze the change in the livelihood structure of rural households due to the presence of ecotourism and how climate change adaptation and mitigation activities are carried out by households in ecotourism areas. This research uses mixed methods. The results showed that the development of ecotourism development causes changes in social, human, physical, and financial livelihood capital. This research also found a new livelihood structure on the non-farm, namely tourism. Ecotourism activities can also be an adaptation and mitigation of climate change which can also be an activity to preserve ecotourism areas so that they are more sustainable. ecotourism areas to make them more sustainable. |
| 55 | The Effectiveness of Social Media As a Promotional Media in Tourism Village Areas | Azka Syahfira Affandi ( IPB University ) Justikarin Damar Pramanik ( IPB University ) Michelle Lola Zefanya ( IPB University ) Hana Nurkhaliza ( IPB University ) Indah Setyawati ( IPB University ) | The use of social media has a great influence on many sectors, one of them is in business sectors. With a very large number of active users, it can be used as a means of promotion. With a wide reach, promotions can be further optimized to introduce and attract tourists. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparison of the effectiveness of social media as a promotional medium for tourism villages derived from several sources of scientific papers. This study uses a qualitative method using primary and secondary data generated from interviews with lecturers and students who live in West Java and the literature study. The results showed that social media is quite effective in increasing the income of local residents compared to other promotional means such as pamphlets and direct messages. However, the management of social media accounts must still be considered so that they are can reach the maximum benefit. |
| 56 | The Structure and Form of the Society Sindang Barang Cultural Village in the Preservation of Sundanese Culture | Intifadhah Anwari ( IPB University ) Adinda Sakinah ( IPB University ) Andrini Putri ( IPB University ) Martina Silitonga ( IPB University ) | Culture is a lifestyle that develops in a group or society and is passed down from generation to generation. The erosion of modernization, which has developed due to the flow of globalization, has penetrated all aspects of people’s daily life, making it very difficult to avoid The existence of structures in society is very important in helping maintain culture to continue to be passed on to the next generation. The establishment of a cultural village is an alternative tourism package that is attractively packaged and becomes a means of cultural promotion, so that the preservation of culture will become increasingly known to the wider community. This research aims to analyze the structure and form of the Sindang Barang Cultural Village community as a tourist attraction in preserving Sundanese culture. Determination of the research location was carried out purposively. This research method uses qualitative to obtain primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews at the research location, and secondary data was obtained through journals and literature related to this research. The results of the research state that there is a diversity of cultural values, including Ngabungbang, Rebo Wekasan, Alms of vegetables, and Preservation of Traditional Arts. Based on the form of social structure, there are levels in terms of economy, education, power and honor. |
| 57 | The Effects of Landscape Changing Conditions on Community Livelihood Strategies in Rural Area (Study Case: Cibungbulang Town Hill) | Adita Tiani ( IPB University ) Rheza Pratama ( IPB University ) Mutiara Balqis ( IPB University ) Umi Fadilah ( IPB University ) Adellia Heryan ( IPB University ) | Changes in landscape conditions not only have an impact on geomorphological changes in the area that experiences them, but also indirectly affect the social and economic conditions of the community. In facing these changes, communities are faced with the need to develop livelihood strategies that can maintain their survival amidst the ongoing development process. However, it is important for people to be careful in choosing the right livelihood strategy, because development does not always have a positive impact on all actors involved. The aim of this research; (1) explain the landscape conditions and changes in the landscape in the research area; (2) explain the community livelihood strategies before changes in the landscape occurred; and (3) explain how community livelihood strategy after changes in the landscape. This research uses a qualitative approach and the selection of informants is carried out by purposive which is based on certain criteria, namely informants who directly experience the impact of development on their work. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews. The descriptive analysis method is used to analyze the data obtained. This research was conducted in the Cibungbulang Town Hill area. The research results show that the Cibungbulang Town Hill area has experienced a significant development impact, thereby encouraging the community to adopt diverse livelihood strategies. |
| 58 | ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ECOSYSTEM CHANGES ON THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SYSTEM OF BALUMBANG JAYA VILLAGE CITIZENS | Fikri Aditya ( IPB University ) Sandi Octafriandy ( IPB UNIVERSITY ) Ahmad Dzunnurain ( IPB University ) Muhamad Nur Afif ( IPB University ) Dimas ‘Aziiz ( IPB University ) Ratri Virianita ( IPB University | Population growth in Indonesia continues to increase every year which has an impact on increasing the fulfillment of land and food needs. This causes the surrounding ecosystem to change. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ecosystem changes on the socio- cultural system of the residents of Balumbang Jaya Village. To find out what impacts occur in the socio-cultural system, an analysis of six aspects is carried out, namely customs, bonds of solidarity, dependence on nature, social stratification, livelihoods, and lifestyles. Data were collected through observation, structured and in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The analysis was carried out on the Balumbang Jaya Village. The results of the analysis show that ecosystem changes affect six aspects of the socio-cultural system, including aspects of customs, some cultures have been abandoned, in the aspect of solidarity bonds increasing a sense of individualism, on aspects of dependence on nature that are not affected by nature, on aspects of social stratification, new stratifications emerge such as factory workers, in the aspect of livelihood the agricultural sector has begun to be abandoned, and in the aspect of a consumptive lifestyle. |
| 59 | POOR URBAN COMMUNITY ADAPTIVE CAPACITY AND ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AFTER THE PANDEMIC OF COVID-19 | NURMALA PANDJAITAN ( INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR ) | The development of ecotourism areas provides opportunities for the surrounding urban poor to improve their welfare in response to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Poor urban communities located around tourist sites are expected to be able to participate in ecotourism activities as a way to bounce back after being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this research is to analyze the adaptive capacity and potential of poor communities to participate in the development of ecotourism areas. The research was carried out using a mixed-methods approach, namely participatory techniques in the form of focus group discussions in groups of men and women, as well as a survey of 60 residents of poor urban communities around the Situ Gede ecotourism area, Bogor City. The results of the participatory engineering mapping method show that the community has potential economic activities to participate in ecotourism institutions such as cultivating and processing purple taro plants, hydroponics, and snack food products. Community residents, both men and women, already have experience and skills in these economic activities. The community also has high social capital with a participative community leadership style, so collective action is highly accumulated among community members. This shows that poor urban communities have sufficient adaptive capacity to build community resilience after the COVID-19 pandemic through ecotourism institutions in their environment. Communities can develop various tourism packages to open up employment opportunities and opportunities for community members, supported by collaborative networks with local government, NGOs, business entities, and universities |
| 60 | Assessing the Consequences of Student Population on Agricultural Sustainability in East Java | wa ode uswatun Putri Harafah ( Brawijaya University ) | East Java is known as the largest rice producing area in Indonesia which has an important role in helping national food needs. However, the increasing need for land due to population growth, which is largely caused by the increase in the number of students, has resulted in agricultural land being threatened. This research aims to analyze the relationship between the growth in the number of students and the sustainability of agriculture and the welfare of farmers in East Java using path analysis via Eviews software version 12. The results of this research are expected to provide an in-depth understanding of the sustainability of agriculture in East Java and contribute to designing related policies land conversion problems that threaten food security and regional agricultural prosperity |
| 61 | Gandrung Dance from Banyuwangi: Between Mysticism and Cultural Preservation | Muhammad Raihan Syaikhul Huda ( IPB University ) Fedora Ilahi ( IPB University ) Zafira Ilma Fitri ( IPB University ) Alfiah Ayu Hapsari ( IPB University ) Sefhia Widya Prasetyo ( IPB University ) Hana Indriana ( IPB University) | The KKN film in Penari Village is an interesting horror genre film and tells the story of an urban legend about the story of a group of students who did KKN in a village. However, the film shows a regional dance which is considered to be Gandrung Dance from a city which is thought to be Banyuwangi. Various community groups have different views on the dance in the film, including the managers of the Gandrung dance studio in Banyuwangi. The aim of this research is to analyze the views of dance studio managers regarding the mysticism of gandrung dance in the KKN film in Penari Village and its influence on the preservation of gandrung dance as authentic Banyuwangi culture. The research was carried out using a qualitative method approach and using guided questions to 2 dance studio managers and 2 cultural workers. The results of the research show that community groups in Banyuwangi Village view the element of mysticism associated with the KKN film in Penari Village as a form of spice to attract the interest of viewers to watch. However, the community also believes that there is a need for prior discussion with cultural experts and local communities regarding the involvement of a culture in a film so that the meaning is in accordance with its original meaning. When the meaning displayed is not the same, it can affect the sustainability of cultural preservation. However, the public is of the view that this mystical impression has no influence on the behavior of the Z generation in Banyuwangi to continue preserving the gandrung dance culture. The understanding and knowledge possessed by Generation Z is a major factor and is a sign that they understand their own culture. |
| 62 | The Role of Collective Action for Disaster Mitigation in Community Resilience Facing Landslides | Indri Wardiah Abriana Lubis ( IPB University) NURMALA PANDJAITAN (IPB University) | Landslide disasters cause various impacts such as damage to facilities and infrastructure, loss of housing, too many casualties as well as providing psychological impacts that affect the social life of the community. The negative impact of disasters can be reduced by mitigating so that communities can survive. Community resilience can be achieved through collective action carried out jointly by community members. The aim of this research is to analyze the forms of disaster mitigation, collective actions carried out by the community in dealing with landslides, and community resilience in the facing landslide disasters. landslide. The research method uses a quantitative approach through questionnaires, in-depth observations, and interviews. Respondents in this study are 80 respondents. This study uses simple statistical analysis. The results showed Kampung Muara 1, Desa Cibunian has carried out mitigation activities both structural, such as installing disaster-prone signs, building evaluation routes, building refugee tents, and non-structural such as socialization of landslide prevention, collecting donations, and trauma healing. Collective action is still top down and the community is less likely to participate because they are still dependent on government assistance. Community resilience in Muara 1 village is said to be not yet resilient. The government creates more collective action and invites and involves community participation with collective action in active mitigation activities so that the people of Kampung Muara 1 can achieve a better level of community resilience. |
| 63 | Clean and Healthy Living Behavior in Traditional Market Communities from an Ecological Anthropological Perspective | Afriel Rasyid ( IPB University ) | Clean and Healthy Life Behavior (PHBS) is very important to implement in traditional market environments in an effort to improve people’s quality of life. Factors that support the implementation of this include sanitation, building conditions, waste management, and the behavior of sellers and buyers. In the context of ecological anthropology, clean and healthy living behavior in traditional markets is caused by habit factors originating from the daily routines and culture of society which are passed down from generation to generation and are the result of interactions between humans and the environment. Therefore, ecological anthropology can be a reference in understanding PHBS in traditional markets and provide solutions for improving behavior and the environment as well as having a positive impact on all traditional market communities. |
| 64 | Gender Stereotype Analysis Of Productive Role Beach Woman | Paru Ramadhan ( IPB University ) | The phenomenon of coastal communities that tend to adhere to a patriarchal culture has a major influence on the social order of society. Moreover, the view that identifies women with domestic work seems to assume that women have no real contribution to development. In their daily lives, discriminatory practices are often found that limit women to many opportunities and resources recognized by the state. Women are socialized as figures who can obey everything, try to stay away from conflict and give in to the interests of others. Over time, the role of women has shifted to the economic sector. Women actively earn a living in the public sphere to fulfill the needs of their households. This research aims to provide an understanding that with synergy between the government and extension workers, this stereotype can be dispelled. Culture should instill the view that women are an important element in the family and help in the development of the country. The method used in this research is a literature study in the form of journal articles and books related to the topic. |
| 65 | Community Assessment of the Village’s Potential for Situgede Ecotourism Development, Bogor, Indonesia | Siti Amanah ( IPB University ) Annisa Seminar ( IPB University ) | The research aims to learn community assessment of the village’s potential for agro-ecotourism development. The research offers a new approach to assessing village potential for ecotourism engagement by the community. The study employs a sustainable livelihood analysis (SLA) and community of practice (CoP) as the foundation for community empowerment. Situgede Village of Bogor City Indonesia is the case study. It has a diverse ecosystem. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews, focused group discussions (FGDs), field observation, and visits. Secondary data was gathered from ecotourism reports, research articles, and other documents. The key informants were village leaders, community group representatives, local tourist providers, local government staff, and field extension workers. FGDs on community assessment were held and facilitated by the researchers. A visit to ecovillage based on the community was arranged to allow the community groups to learn directly from others. The research confirmed that Situgede Village is valuable as an ecotourism destination because of its beautiful lakes, forest and scenery, attraction, water sports, and various agricultural products of community enterprises. However, there are some obstacles that need to be overcome in terms of limited community capacity in managing eco-tourism, road and supporting infrastructure, and financial capital. There are various small-medium enterprises that offer goods and services for ecotourism, and some of them running the business for more than two decades. To conclude, a unique and diverse ecosystem and community engagement contribute to ecotourism development. The CoP approach allows the community to strengthen competencies in providing ecotourism services towards sustainable livelihood. |